Irrigation channel or pond systems

These fish-farming ponds were created as a cooperative project in a rural village. These exercise irrigation ditches or farm ponds to hoist fish. The basic condition is to have a ditch or pond that retains water, maybe with an above-ground irrigation organization (many irrigation systems use buried pipes with headers.)Using this process, one can store one's water allotment in ponds or ditches, usually lined with boonies clay. In small systems the fish are often fed commercial fish food, and their waste harvest can help fertilize the fields. In larger ponds, the pond grows water plant life and algae as fish food. Some of the most successful ponds grow introduced strains of plants, as well as introduced strains of fish.Control of water quality are central. Fertilizing, clarifying and pH control of the water can increase yields substantially, as long as sophistication is prevented and oxygen levels stay high. Yields can be low if the fish grow ill from electrolyte stress. The complex fish culture system is a technology developed in India by the Indian Council of Agricultural explore in the 1970s. In this system both local and imported fish kind, a combination of five or six fish species is used in a single fish pond. These type are selected so that they do not contend for food among them having different types of food habitats. As a result, the food available in all the parts of the pond is used. Fish used in this system include calla and silver carp which are surface feeders, rough a column feeder and madrigal and common carp which are bottom feeders. Other fish will also feed on the excreta of the common carp and this helps contribute to the effectiveness of the system which in optimal conditions will produce 3000–6000 kg of fish per hectare per year. One problem with such composite fish culture is that many of these fish breed only for the period of monsoon. Even if fish seed is collected from the wild, it can be mixed with that of other species as well. So, a major dilemma in fish farming is the lack of accessibility of good-quality seed. To overcome this problem, ways have now been worked out to breed these fish in ponds using hormonal stimulus. This has ensured the supply of pure fish seed in desired quantities.